What Causes Pipes To Burst? Understanding Burst Pipes

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Lee Goodwin
Managing Director
Last Updated
5 September 2024

What Causes Pipes to Burst? – When the chilling frost of winter sets in, it’s not just our bodies that need protection from the cold. The water pipes that bring water into our homes can freeze, resulting in a potential burst pipe. Burst pipes are a common and often devastating issue faced by homeowners. Whether it’s a sudden spike in water pressure, freezing temperatures, or gradual wear and tear, the reasons behind burst pipes can be numerous and complex. Dealing with the aftermath can be costly, but that’s where your insurance comes in!

Fast Facts:

  • Analysis from Zurich Insurance revealed that the number of burst pipes in British homes soared by 75% in 2022 as 13 million households turned off their heating to save money.
  • According to the Association of British Insurers, the average cost of remedying the impact of burst pipes in domestic properties was £9,300 in 2021.
  • Pipes in unheated spaces like attics, crawl spaces, and along exterior walls are most susceptible to freezing and bursting, especially when temperatures drop below 32°F (0°C).
  • Pipes can freeze in as little as six hours when temperatures drop below 0°C, potentially leading to burst pipes.
  • High water pressure, over 80 PSI, can strain pipes and fittings excessively, making them more likely to burst, especially in older plumbing systems.
  • Invasive tree roots growing into underground water pipes commonly cause cracks and leaks. The roots continue to grow, and apply pressure until the pipe bursts open.

What Causes Pipes to Burst

Unfortunately, burst pipes are a common household issue, particularly in climates that experience significant temperature swings. The water damage caused by a burst pipe can be extensive, damaging not only the plumbing system but also your home’s structure and personal belongings.

Cold weather can cause water in your pipes to freeze. When water freezes, it expands, causing immense pressure on your pipes, potentially leading to a leak or burst. This issue predominantly affects pipes in unheated indoor areas like basements, attics, and roof spaces with minimal warm air.

Understanding what causes pipes to burst and how to prevent such occurrences is paramount for homeowners who want to avoid the stress of making a water damage insurance claim.

What Causes Pipes to Burst

Common Causes of Burst Pipes

Several factors can lead to pipes bursting, each of which is important to be aware of to take preventative action.

  • Freezing Temperatures: Water expands as it freezes, and this expansion can place immense pressure on pipes, leading to cracks or a complete burst. Poorly insulated pipes or in unheated building areas are particularly at risk.
  • Water Pressure Issues: Excessive water pressure can stress the pipes over time, eventually causing them to fail. This can be due to sudden stops and starts in the water flow or a consistent overpressure situation in your home’s plumbing system.
  • Physical Damage: Even minor physical damage can lead to failure over time. This includes damage during construction, accidental hits during renovations, or corrosion and wear over time.

Seasonal Factors

The likelihood of experiencing a burst pipe can vary with the seasons. During winter, the risk increases significantly due to lower temperatures. Preemptive winterisation of your home’s plumbing system can dramatically reduce the risk. In contrast, summer might bring challenges, particularly when high temperatures increase water demand, potentially stressing the plumbing system.

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Signs of Potential Pipe Burst

Early detection is crucial. Signs that may indicate a potential issue include:

  • Unexpected Noise: Unusual sounds coming from your plumbing system, such as banging or whistling, could suggest water pressure issues or the presence of air in the pipes, both of which can lead to bursts.
  • Visible Signs of Corrosion or Damage: Regular inspections can help identify areas of concern early on.
  • Unexplained Moisture: Moisture on walls, ceilings, or floors could suggest a leak already exists, worsening into a burst if not addressed.

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Preventative Measures

Preventing burst pipes is preferable to dealing with the aftermath. Here are some steps you can take:

  • Insulation: Insulate pipes in vulnerable areas such as basements, attics, and garages. Pipe sleeves or even simple insulating tape can provide an added layer of protection.
  • Water Pressure Regulation: If you suspect your water pressure might be too high, consider installing a pressure-reducing valve.
  • Regular Maintenance: Professional inspections can catch issues before they become serious. It’s also wise to familiarise yourself with the location of your main water shut-off valve in case you need to quickly turn off the water in an emergency.

Seasonal Maintenance Tips

  • Winter Preparation: In addition to insulating pipes, keep your home heated to a minimum temperature of 13 degrees Celsius, even if you’re away, to prevent freezing.
  • Summer Checks: Ensure your system can handle the extra load during hotter months, and check for signs of damage or leaks that could be exacerbated by increased use.

What to Do in Case of a Burst Pipe

Quick Action is Key

If you discover a frozen or burst pipe, acting quickly to minimise the damage is crucial.

First, turn off the water supply using your stop tap. This will halt any further water flow from the burst pipe.

Try to remove any belongings from the vicinity to limit the damage caused by escaping water. Your insurance company will need to know what loss or damage to your home has been caused, so taking pictures and making a detailed list of any affected items can speed up your insurance claims process.

Steps for Dealing With Burst Pipes

  1. Shut Off the Water: Immediately turn off the main water supply to minimise damage.
  2. Drain the System: Run your faucets to drain any remaining water.
  3. Call a Professional: Contact a plumber for emergency repair.
  4. Document the Damage: Take photos of the damage caused by the burst pipe for insurance purposes.

We Can Help

Oakleafe Claims have represented policyholders and managed their insurance claims since before the First World War. We have vast expertise and experience in both domestic and commercial water damage claims with thousands of satisfied policyholders who have received their deserved insurance settlement. With no upfront fees required, our internal data shows that insurance claims managed by professional loss assessors like Oakleafe can expect a settlement up to 40% higher than claims managed by the policyholder.

Burst Pipe FAQs

Can I claim for burst water pipes on insurance?

According to the Association of British Insurers, water damage is usually covered in your building insurance policy under Escape of Water. This can include burst pipes, leaking appliances, or an overflowing toilet. Escape of water damage is one of the most common types of domestic insurance claims, with insurance companies average insurance paying out £1.8 million every day for water damage in domestic properties.

Understanding your homeowner’s insurance policy is critical. Some policies might cover the damage caused by burst pipes but not the cost of replacing them. Familiarise yourself with the specifics of your policy and know whom to contact in case of an emergency.

What Are Tips For Burst Pipe Insurance Claims?

To give yourself the best chance of having your claim accepted, you should:

  • make sure that you understand your insurance policy,
  • file your burst pipe claim as soon as possible,
  • keep all documents related to your claim and its cost,
  • provide clear and detailed information about your claim,
  • remain organised, confident and knowledgeable.

Once the immediate threat is under control, it’s time to start your claim. Contact your insurance company to report the water leak immediately, providing them with all the incident details.

Include the steps you took to mitigate burst pipes to help show that you took reasonable steps to prevent the damage. This can include steps like having an approved plumber insulate your pipes or leaving your heating on to prevent pipes from freezing.

Remember, your insurance company might want a professional assessment of the damage. Involving an approved plumber early on can help fix the issue and provide a detailed report about the cause and extent of the damage. This report can be invaluable when making your insurance claim.

What To Expect With A Burst Pipe Insurance Claim?

Expect your insurer to investigate all the details surrounding your burst pipe insurance claim. It’s a good idea to familiarise yourself with the circumstances surrounding the burst pipe in your home before submitting your claim so you’re not baffled when put on the spot. The insurance company will look at things such as:

  • weather conditions such as freezing temperatures,
  • the heating system of your home,
  • the condition of the pipe.

Arm yourself with knowledge about these facts and circumstances to give confident and clear answers when submitting your insurance claim. After you’ve submitted your insurance claim, your insurer will send out a loss adjuster to assess the damage and report back to the insurance company.

The loss adjuster works on behalf of your insurance company. Your insurance company will provide you with a settlement figure based on their loss adjusters’ evaluations, likely to be the minimum necessary to cover the cost of restoring your home to its original condition.

Your insurer will not expect you to negotiate the figure, so, equip yourself with knowledge and use the following tips to confidently mediate a decent and proper settlement figure. It is recommended that you engage an independent loss assessor, such as Oakleafe Claims, to look over the small print of your policy to ensure you and your home are protected.

Conclusion: What Causes Pipes To Burst?

Understand your Insurance Policy
Understand your insurance policy, if necessary, with the help of a loss assessor such as Oakleafe Claims so you’re confident and able to dispute any falsehoods with your insurer. Let your insurer know you understand your policy, position and rights; your claim will likely be handled fairly and quickly. Familiarising yourself with your policy details also means you’re aware and knowledgeable about specific guidelines to follow for your burst pipe insurance claim. Your claim could be invalidated if you do not adhere to such policies.

Awareness and preparedness are your best defences against burst pipes. Regular maintenance, seasonal preparations, and knowing how to respond to an emergency can help mitigate the risks. By taking proactive steps today, you can prevent costly and inconvenient damage tomorrow. If you haven’t already, consider scheduling a professional inspection to ensure your plumbing system is in top condition.

Your home is one of your most valuable assets – protect it by staying informed and prepared.

We Can Help

Oakleafe Claims have represented policyholders and managed their insurance claims since before the First World War. We have vast expertise and experience in both domestic and commercial water damage claims with thousands of satisfied policyholders who have received their deserved insurance settlement. With no upfront fees required, our internal data shows that insurance claims managed by professional loss assessors like Oakleafe can expect a settlement up to 40% higher than claims managed by the policyholder.

What Oakleafe Clients Say:

Book your complimentary consultation with our insurance claim professionals.

Our insurance claim professionals will explain the claim process to ensure you understand your options.

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